Basic Elements Of Machine Tool

The Various Components That Are Present In All The Machine Tools May Be Identified As Follows:

Work Holding Device To Hold The Workpiece In The Correct Orientation To Achieve The Required Accuracy In Manufacturing , For Example Chuck.

Tool Holding Device To Hold The Cutting Tool In The Correct Position With Respect To The Workpiece , And Provide Enough Holding Force To Counteract The Cutting Forces Acting On The Tool , Example Tool Post .

Work Motion Mechanism To Provide The Necessary Speed To The Workpiece For Generating The Requisite Surface , Example Head Stock .

Tool Motion Mechanism To Provide The Various Motions Needed For The Tool In Conjunction With Workpiece Motion In Order To Generate The Required Surface Profiles , Example Carriage .

Support Structure To Support All The Mechanisms Shown Above , And Maintain Their Relative Position With Respect To Each Other , And Allow For Relative Movement Between The Various Parts To Obtain The Requisite Part Profile And Accuracy , Example Bed

The Type Of Device Or Mechanism Used Varies Depending On The Type Of Machine Tool And The Function It’Sexpected To Serve In This Chapter , Some Of The More Common Elements Would Be Discussed . However . Further Details May Be Found In The Chapters Where The Actual Machine Tools Are Discussed .

The Various Motions That Need To Be Provided In The Machine Tool Are Cutting Speed And Feed .

The Range Of Speed And Feed Rates To Be Provided In a Given Machine Tool Depends On The Capability Of The Machine Tool And The Range Of Work Materials That Are Expected To Be Processed . Basically , The Actual Speed And Feed Chosen Depends Upon

The Work Material .

Required Production Rate .

Required Surface Finish , And .

Expected Accuracy

The Drive Units In a Machine Tool Are Expected To Provide The Required Speed And Convert The Rotation Speed Into Linear Motion . Details Of These May Be Found In Books Dealing With Machine Tool Design.